ヒューマンライツ・ナウは本日、声明「2014年5月のクーデターから一年～タイの人権状況～」を発表しました。

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Statement: Over one year has
passed since the coup d’état~ human rights situation in Thailand ~

The interim constitutional
provision provides the junta with unaccountable powers

1.      Over one year has passed since the coup d’état in
Thailand.

Human Rights Now (HRN), a Tokyo-based international
human rights NGO, is highly concerned about the human rights situation in
Thailand following the replacement of the nationally imposed martial law with orders
issued under Section 44 of the interim constitution, which tightens the junta’s
grip on power and grants them even more draconian powers.

The current prime minister of Thailand and leader of
the ruling junta, National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), General Prayuth Chan-ocha, announced on March 31, 2015
that he had requested King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s permission to lift the
nationwide imposition of martial law and replace it with orders issued under Section
44 of the interim constitution. On April 1 he was granted permission.[1]

Since the nationwide imposition of martial law and the
subsequent coup d’état, the NCPO has engaged in
censorship, banned public gatherings and ordered oppressive targeting of activists,
politicians, journalists and civil society groups. More than 1,000 people have
been detained without charge,[2]
and hundreds of people have been sent to military courts which fail to comply
with international fair trial standards.[3]

Instead of moving towards democratic
civilian rule following the lifting of martial law, the invocation of Section
44 further tightens the military’s grip on power. This allows them to continue violating
fundamental human rights, such as those to freedom of association, freedom of
expression, and the liberty and security of person.

2. Section 44 bestows the head of the NCPO with the power to issue any legislative, executive or judicial order and take any action deemed necessary for the
benefit of strengthening public unity and harmony, or for the prevention,
disruption or suppression of any act that undermines the monarchy, public
peace, national security and administration of state affairs.[4]
Furthermore, it is stated that such actions are completely legal and
constitutional. Even actions that violate human rights under international and
national law would be deemed legal.[5] The
section requires the NCPO chief to report such an order or action immediately
to the National Legislative Assembly and the Prime Minister. However, the fact
that the NCPO chief is currently the Prime Minister renders this restraint
meaningless. Consequently, Section 44 grants unlimited power to one single
person, without liability and without any oversight. The provision undermines
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which
Thailand is a party.

Under NCPO order no. 3/2015, which was
issued under Section 44, military personnel can be appointed as peace and order
maintenance officers with sweeping law enforcement powers. They can search,
arrest, and detain without judicial oversight, and enforce anything ordered by
the NCPO.^[6] These officers have an even wider
scope of power than those under martial law had.^[7]

3. Section 44 and Order no. 3/2015 are being used to continue measures
that had been adopted under martial law to silence those in opposition to the
junta’s rule. Order no. 3/2015 explicitly gives the peace and order maintenance
officers the authority to prohibit the reporting of news, and sales of books
and publications that could create misunderstanding affecting national security
and public order.[8]
For example, on June 4, 2015, police asked the Foreign Correspondent Club of
Thailand (FCCT) to refrain from hosting an event where Thai Lawyers for Human Rights (TLHR) was supposed to launch a report on
the human rights situation in Thailand. The authorities have intervened in at
least 71 other public events since the coup.[9]
Such interventions and censorship are clear violations of the freedom of
expression. Freedom of peaceful assembly similarly has been very limited due to
the criminalization of any political gathering of more than five people.[10] On
the first anniversary of the coup, May 22, 2015, a large number of students and
activists carrying out peaceful demonstrations were arrested in Bangkok and in
Khon Kaen province. The police denied 20 detained demonstrators in Bangkok
access to lawyers. Two of the demonstrators suffered injuries that required
medical care, due to the military and police’s harsh treatment at the time of
the arrest.[11]

4. Secret detentions and unfair military courts are
still being widely used in Thailand. Formerly under martial law, and now under
Order No. 3/2015, the military is allowed to secretly detain people without
charges or judicial review for seven days.[12]
This situation increases the risk of torture and ill-treatment for the
detainees. Since May 2015, military courts have replaced civilian courts for
offenses such as insults against the monarchy and violations of the NCPO’s
orders.[13]
So far hundreds of people have been tried by military courts.[14]
A major issue with the use of military courts is their lack of impartiality and
independence. Order no. 3/2015 permits peace and order maintenance officers to
act as inquiry officials along with the police. The result is a lack of
impartiality and a violation of the right to a fair trial, as it allows the
officers to be involved from the time of arrest and throughout the whole legal
process.[15]

5. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al
Hussein has expressed alarm over the wide range of human rights violations that
can be permitted under section 44 of the interim constitution.[16]
In a news release on April 2, 2015, he said, “I am alarmed at the decision to
replace martial law with something even more draconian, which bestows unlimited
powers on the current Prime Minister without any judicial oversight at all.”[17]
The government of Thailand is a signatory to the ICCPR and has a legal obligation
to respect and protect the rights it guarantees. Section 44 of the interim
constitution, and actions committed in conjunction with it, clearly violate freedom
of expression, freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom of association, and the
right to liberty and security of person, which are guaranteed under Articles
19, 21, 22 and 9 of the ICCPR, respectively.

6. Recommendations

HRN urges the government of Thailand to:

– Stop exercising Section 44
of the Interim Constitution

– Immediately stop crackdowns on dissidents who merely
exercise their rights and freedoms

– Stop trying
civilians in military courts

– Cease the use of detention
without judicial review

– Promptly restore rule of
law and human rights in accordance with Thailand’s obligations under domestic
and international human rights law