[Statement] Statement Expressing Great Concern over the Acts and Threats of Serious and Mass Human Rights Violations by the US Government

HRN Tokyo has released a statement expressing great concern over the acts and threats of serious and mass human rights violations by the US government in only the first month of the new administration, with about 100 categories of examples covered in six pages. These include threats to racial and national minorities, to human rights internationally, to SOGI minorities and women, to civil and political rights, and to economic and social rights. We call on the US government to immediately repeal and end its destructive orders, actions and threats that violate human rights.

You can read the full statement below and from this link in PDF format.

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The US has Committed and Threatened Countless Human Rights Violations in Only the First Month of the New Administration

In the first month of Donald Trump’s second term as US president and Elon Musk’s role as head of DOGE (Musk is a “special government employee”, which is unelected and without Senate confirmation, and Musk’s actions have been legally challenged as beyond that position’s powers;[1] and DOGE is a rebranding of the United States Digital Service that the president has placed in effective control of all federal agencies without clear legal authorization and also legally challenged),[2] the administration has enacted dozens of executive orders (EOs), policies, and DOGE actions that have targeted at-risk groups with harassment, harm, and persecution as well as removed protections from such groups and allegedly committed or threatened other serious human rights violations, leading to dozens of lawsuits and numerous court orders temporarily blocking allegedly illegal actions as litigation progresses.[3] The administration allegedly appears to have already ignored some of the court orders, raising concerns of a looming constitutional crisis.[4]

Human Rights Now (HRN), an international human rights NGO based in Tokyo, expresses great concern over the negative human rights impacts that many of the administration’s actions pose or threaten if Congress or the courts are not able to stop them, and we call on the administration to reverse all orders and decisions that violate or threaten the US’s international human rights obligations and standards.[5] The following sections review five categories of risks to human rights under the new administration.

1. Threats to racial and national minorities

Many administration policies focus on deporting and allegedly abusing undocumented immigrants (UIs) and minority US citizens as well as removing government diversity programs and protections for minorities and firing and harassing minority staff across and beyond the federal government.

a) Concerns related to arbitrary deportations of minorities

• Mass Deportations. In the first two weeks, the Trump administration reported deporting over a 7000 people it claims are UIs through the immigration enforcement agency ICE, out of a total of 15 to 20 million it intends to deport with military assistance.[6] These are occurring under expanded and eased fast-track deportation procedures including persons with pending asylum applications.[7]
• Restricting Asylum. The administration has revived the “Remain in Mexico” policy, which forces asylum seekers to wait outside U.S. borders while their claims are processed.[8] It has also suspended all asylum procedures on the Southern border as well as restricting asylum eligibility from some countries such as in Central America.[9]
• Guantanamo Bay Detentions. Some UIs listed for deportation are being detained in a “prison camp complex” in Guantanamo Bay, despite not being found criminal under any procedure.[10] It is illegal to hold non-prisoners in criminal facilities.[11] The administration expressed an intention to expand its facilities for holding deportees and suggested an intention to detain more than 30,000 deportees.[12]
• Deportations of Non-citizens to Panama and Costa Rica and Detentions. The administration has deported at least 299 non-Panamanian migrants to Panama, including children, under an agreement with Panama, with nearly 100 being detained in a remote camp in the Darien jungle region with unclear information on the duration.[13] Detainees described the camp conditions as “primitive” and “like a zoo, there are fenced cages,” and it was reported that “[d]iseases, including dengue are endemic to the region, and the government has denied access to journalists and aid organizations.”[14] On February 20, the first group of 135 non-Costa Rican migrants, including 65 children, arrived in Costa Rica to be reportedly sent to their countries of origins within 30 days if possible.[15] It is generally not legal under US law to deport persons to different countries than the country of their citizenship.[16]
• Deportation Abuses. Complaints have been made by receiving countries of abuses during deportations, such as the shackling of 104 deportees to India over a 40 hour flight.[17] The detentions in Guantanamo Bay raise serious concerns of abusive treatment for detainees, given the long history of serious abuses against Guantanamo Bay detainees during the War on Terror, including torture.[18]
• US Citizen Deportations. There have been reported cases of US citizens being detained by ICE[19] and credible warnings of a high risk of US citizen deportations whether by mistake or intentionally.[20] The administration’s Secretary of State Mark Rubio noted that the president of El Salvador “offered to [imprison in El Salvador] dangerous criminals currently in custody and serving their sentence in the United States even though they’re U.S. citizens or legal residents,” an agreement (along with his offer to receive UI criminals) that Rubio described as “the most unprecedented and extraordinary migratory agreement anywhere in the world” and “an act of extraordinary friendship.”[21] The deportation of US citizens including naturalized and criminal citizens is illegal under US law.[22]
• Reprisals for Deportation Interference. The Department of Justice under the administration has filed lawsuits against Illinois and Chicago officials for sanctuary laws (restricting deportations of UIs without criminal records) and the state and officials of New York over immigration enforcement and greenlight laws (allowing UIs to receive drivers licenses).[23] The FCC has also begun investigating a radio station in an apparent reprisal for reporting on immigration enforcement actions.[24]
• Eliminating Birthright Citizenship. The administration has attempted to order the revocation of the “birthright” clause of the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to deny citizenship to persons born inside the US of non-citizen parents. This order flagrantly violates the clear text of the Constitution and is currently being blocked by court injunction.[25]

• Summary Legal Analysis. Abuses and arbitrary detentions of persons inside the US violate International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) rights on freedom from arbitrary detention and ill treatment.[26] Suspension of asylum applications flagrantly violates the US’s obligation to protect refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol,[27] and the return of refugees to states where they face threats to life or human rights violations (or requiring them to remain in such places) violates the core obligation of non-refoulement, Article 33 of the Convention.[28]

b) Concerns related to eliminating minority staff and government programs serving minorities

• Minority Staff Eliminations. The administration has stated an intention to fire 220,000 probationary federal government employees and others in an evident purge, with at least 75,000 resigning in a buy-out and at least 30,000 fired,[29] while it is also making minority hiring more difficult and eliminating worker civil rights protections, creating conditions to greatly reduce minority government staff.[30] The administration has repealed affirmative action in hiring and contracts and “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (DEI) programs in federal agencies and the private sector, including DEI training programs in federal workplaces and federally funded organizations and corporate DEI programs through tax rules, facilitating a purge of minority staff and hostile work environments for them.[31]
• Diversity Funding Cuts. The administration also has removed funding and programs related to race under the anti-DEI pretext, which include, e.g., medical programs targeting minority health issues.[32] Similarly, university and research programs are facing funding cuts, intimidation of minority students, student loan cuts, new tax burdens, and endowment losses, targeting (but not limited to) diversity related programs.[33]
• Harassment of “Diversity” Staff. Under the influence of the administration’s anti-diversity rhetoric, a nonprofit organization has publicly released the names, photos, and information (doxxing) of 50 federal workers that have supported diversity, the majority Black, in a context which appears to target them for public harassment, reprisal, and violence without a reported government response to end it.[34]

• Summary Legal Analysis. The above actions contradict the US’s obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, and other factors in employment, as well as Executive Order 11246 of 1965, mandating affirmative action in federal employment.[35]

 

2. Threats against the protection of human rights internationally

A number of actions by the administration directly undermine the protection of human rights internationally.

• USAID Elimination. The administration has closed the US Agency for International Development (USAID), frozen its foreign aid programs, and dismissed its over 2000 staff.[36] Judges have temporarily blocked the actions,[37] and a complaint has already been made for non-compliance with the court order.[38] USAID operates in over 50 countries providing over $489 million in food aid and programs to combat HIV, polio, mpox and bird flu globally, all of which will end under the order.[39]
• International Organization Withdrawals. The administration has withdrawn the US from several international organizations related to human rights including the Human Rights Council,[40] the World Health Organization,[41] and the Paris Agreement on climate change,[42] and it has permanently withdrawn its funding of UNRWA, the UN office providing aid and services to Palestinians in Gaza.[43]
• ICC Sanctions. For their investigations into Israel’s conduct in the Gaza conflict, the administration has leveled sanctions against the ICC and ICC prosecutor Karim Khan.[44] Following the sanctions, 79 states made a joint communication stating that the “Sanctions would severely undermine all situations currently under investigation as the court may have to close its field offices.”[45]
• Proposals for Illegal Land Seizures. The administration has made aggressive statements expressing or suggesting an intention to illegally seize, acquire, or annex foreign territory including Greenland, the Panama Canal,[46] Canada,[47] and Gaza,[48] which have generated numerous statements of strong opposition by foreign leaders and international authorities.[49]
• Threats of Unconsented Drone Strikes in Mexico. The administration designated several Mexican drug cartels as terrorist groups, which Musk later clarified “means they’re eligible for drone strikes,” about which Trump in 2022 reportedly stated “No one would know it was us,” and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum stated “This cannot be an opportunity for the U.S. to invade our sovereignty.”[50]
• Eliminating Foreign Bribery Rules. The administration has ordered the non-enforcement of laws prohibiting bribery of foreign officials, encouraging flagrant corruption that may undermine rights.[51]
• Dangerous Statements on Gaza. The administration has repeatedly threatened to illegally annex and ethnically cleanse Gaza of the Palestinian population by permanently removing them to Egypt, Jordon, or other countries without consent, a crime against humanity.[52] On February 11, the administration threatened to end the Gaza ceasefire early under new conditions of Hamas releasing all hostages by the end of the week (or “all hell is going to break out”) a version of which Netanyahu also repeated, although the administration backed down after the release of three more hostages on February 15.[53]
• Dangerous Statements on Ukraine. Without consulting Ukraine or European allies, the administration has been in discussions with Russian president Vladimir Putin in an apparent attempt to force a peace agreement without Ukraine or European involvement, despite Russian aggression against Ukraine in flagrant violation of international law, as well as widespread war crimes and crimes against humanity by Russian forces in the conflict.[54] The administration also reportedly threatened to cut Ukraine off from Musk’s vital Starlink satellite internet access if it refuses US control of 50% of Ukraine’s mineral resources as part of the deal.[55] European leaders and officials have castigated it, with EU top diplomat Kaja Kallas labeling such an agreement “appeasement” and “a dirty deal”.[56] The reported outlines of such an agreement do not address the future security needs, human rights, and protection of Ukrainian civilians (in Ukraine and in Russian occupied territory) nor accountability of Russian forces and officials for grave violations committed in the conflict.[57]

3. Threats to SOGI minorities and Women

A number of actions by the administration directly undermine the protection of the rights of SOGI (sexual orientation and gender identity) minorities and women.

a) SOGI (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity) minorities

• Eliminating Trans Protections. The administration has eliminated Obama- and Biden-era protections for transgender students in schools under Title IX,[58] ended gender affirming care (in an order currently being blocked by a court[59]), and permitted federally funded shelters and healthcare providers to deny services to SOGI minorities based on religious objections.[60]
• Protection of SOGI Minority Discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), under the control of the administration, is taking steps to dismiss the agency’s own cases that it brought in the past against businesses accused of discrimination against SOGI minorities.[61]
• Military Trans Ban. The administration has banned the enlistment of trans persons in the military and ordered the discharge of trans persons currently serving in the military.[62]
• Sports Trans Bans. On February 5, the administration banned transgendered female athletes from competing in female sports and ordered the denial of visa applications of transgendered athletes.[63]
• SOGI Minority Media Bans. Agencies have been ordered to remove material from their websites mentioning SOGI minorities, such as the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children’s publications on protecting gay and trans children.[64]
• Moving Incarcerated Trans women to men’s prisons. The administration ordered incarcerated trans women to be moved to men’s prisons, where they are placed at high risk of harm, and it ended their gender-affirming care. The order has been temporarily blocked by a court.[65]
• Undermining SOGI Harassment Rules. The EEOC has altered the definition of sexual harassment to exclude harassment regarding sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy.[66]

• Summary Legal Analysis. These moves contradict Bostock v. Clayton County (2020), in which the Supreme Court ruled that discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity is a violation of Title VII.[67] These actions also deeply contradict international human rights standards for SOGI minorities as articulated in the Yogyokarta Principles.[68]

b) Women’s Reproductive Rights

• “Global Gag Rule”. The administration has reinstated and expanded the “Global Gag Rule”, preventing US funding for international organizations that provide or mention abortion services.[69]
• Defunding Planned Parenthood. The administration has defunded Planned Parenthood and other reproductive health programs that offer abortion services, even if also providing other medical care.[70]

• Summary Legal Analysis. The denial of women’s health care violates International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) Article 12 and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Article 12.[71] The UN Human Rights Committee has described the decriminalization and availability of abortions as critical to human rights, observing that “outlawing women’s access to abortion services can cause severe suffering and undermines their personal integrity and autonomy, which results in acute violations of their human rights.”[72]

4. Restrictions and threats against civil and political rights of critics of the administration

The administration has harassed and threatened journalists, media outlets, political opponents, lawyers, judges, and other critical voices in apparent reprisals and to silence criticism. Examples include the following.

• Threats against Critics by the Head of the FBI. Among other statements targeting opponents, in 2023 the head of the FBI Kash Patel wrote the book “Government Gangsters” that included the names of 60 people he listed as part of the deep state, raising concern he would use the FBI to arrest his political opponents without due process.[73] The top opposition member on the Senate Judiciary Committee, Sen. Dick Durbin stated that “His enemies list, what he calls his government gangsters, this is what you expect of Stasi, this is what you expect of secret police.”[74]
• Threats against Critical Journalists. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) is investigating a radio station in San Jose, KCBS, for reporting on immigration enforcement actions by ICE.[75] The administration announced the government would cancel all Politico subscriptions (worth $8 million) following critical reporting.[76] The Pentagon has removed press workspaces for numerous independent media outlets including the New York Times, Washington Post, NPC, Politico, The Hill, The War Zone, and NPR.[77] The president has used frivolous defamation lawsuits to intimidate media companies including ABC and CBS.[78] It has indefinitely barred AP from the Oval Office and Air Force One (two presidential offices) because it did not refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America.[79] The president has called for the firing of Washington Post columnist Eugene Robinson[80] and that CBS should lose its broadcasting license (with the FCC also investigating CBS[81]) and Musk has called for the Wall St Journal reporter Katherine Long to be fired for critical reporting.[82]
• Intimidation of Online Media. In January before starting his term, when then-president-elect Trump was asked by a reporter whether he thought Mark Zuckerberg, the head of Meta and Facebook, ended Facebook’s fact-checking operation in response to Trump’s past threats of legal action against him for speech on Facebook, Trump answered “Probably”.[83]
• Threats and Actions against Lawyers. The administration warned 10,000 Department of Justice lawyers of “discipline and potentially termination” if they refused to “zealously advocate” for the administration’s agenda.[84] The judge advocates general (head lawyers) for the Army, Navy, and Air Force are being replaced, which an ex-Air Force chief prosecutor called “extremely concerning.”[85]
• Reprisal Threats against Federal Investigators. The administration has attempted to release the names of FBI employees who worked on investigations involving the January 6 invasion of the US capitol to overturn the 2020 election (which led to at least 1575 arrests, most later pardoned) to apparently target the agents for public retribution, later temporarily blocked by a federal judge.[86]
• Threats Against Judges. After Musk called for the impeachment of judges that block Trump’s and Musk’s orders, as well reposted statements encouraging defiance of judges’ order, Republicans of the House of Representatives are planning to begin impeachment processes against at least two federal judges who blocked the administration’s actions.[87] Musk also posted the name, picture, job, and other information of the daughter of Judge McConnell who ordered the reversal of Musk’s decision to freeze all federal grants, as an apparent threat and reprisal for the decision.[88] It was in this context that on 15 February 2025 the Justice Department under the administration’s control arbitrarily fired 20 immigration judges without explanation, despite the immigration caseload being overwhelmed with 3.7 million pending cases and long delays.[89]
• Ending judicial control of the executive. On February 19, Trump signed an executive order giving the attorney general and president the ability to provide “authoritative interpretations of the law for the executive branch” without judiciary involvement, inconsistent with the clear text of Article II and III of the Constitution and established jurisprudence holding that only the judiciary has that power.[90]
• Firing of Inspector Generals. The administration has fired at least 17 inspector generals of various agencies tasked with oversight of their respective agencies, facilitating corruption and mismanagement within the agencies.[91]
• Undermining whistleblower protection. The administration has asked the Supreme Court to overturn a previous judge’s court order reinstating the head of the Office of the Special Council (OSC), which the administration had fired.[92] The OSC is tasked to protect whistleblowers from retaliation. The decision is expected to determine whether the administration can fire the head of any agency.
• Actions Against NGOs and Civil Society. Trump issued an executive memo ordering a review of federal funding to all NGOs, and government funding for many NGOs has already been eliminated.[93]
• Threats against Religious Minorities. The administration has establishment of a task force to “eradicate anti-Christian bias” in the federal government, appearing to violate the First Amendment Establishment Clause on its face.[94]

• Summary Legal Analysis. These threats, if acted on, would flagrantly violate civil rights protections under the ICCPR including the rights to freedom of expression (for journalists and other critics) and protection against arbitrary arrest, fair trial, and other rights prohibiting intimidations of judges, investigators, lawyers, and whistleblowers involved in the administration of justice.

5. Threats to economic and social rights by the elimination or weakening of government services

Dozens of US agencies are currently being severely weakened by irresponsible staff dismissals and appointments and orders by the administration and DOGE that show destructive control over agency operations, including control over vast amounts of sensitive and private agency information, by manifestly unqualified persons without security clearances and with serious conflicts of interest.[95] Dozens of federal offices have been negatively impacted, including 36 listed in the following endnote among many others.[96]

Some of the programs, protections, and services eliminated, greatly weakened, or restricted include public access to vaccines[97] and medicine,[98] all federally funded medical research,[99] safety from the spread of diseases,[100] medical and other services for veterans,[101] severe weather early warning systems,[102] the safety of air flights,[103] food and drug safety,[104] energy security and clean energy,[105] the safety of nuclear material, facilities, and weapons,[106] programs to combat air pollution and climate change,[107] protection from consumer fraud,[108] access to education,[109] disability services,[110] wildfire prevention and elimination,[111] workplace safety[112] labor protections,[113] privacy of personal financial information,[114] postal services (and by extension mail-in ballot security for future elections),[115] and many other programs, protections, and services.

The staff reductions and changes, mismanagement, cuts, and restrictions of programs, many of which display open conflicts of interest with Musk’s business and financial interests (both in punishing or weakening agencies restricting Musk’s businesses and ordering agencies to purchase from or advantage Musk’s businesses, with at least 25 examples listed in sources in the endnote),[116] will have negative effects for the millions of people that rely on the government services provided by the respective agencies for protection of virtually every economic and social right listed in the ICESCR, including the rights to health, education, adequate standard of living (including access to adequate water, food, housing, etc.), decent work, and social security.[117] The loss of services will be particularly destructive to vulnerable communities including women, children, ethnic and SOGI minorities, those in poverty, disabled persons, and other vulnerable populations.

Recommendations

HRN calls on the US administration to immediately revoke all orders and actions that transparently violate or threaten international human rights obligations and standards or are otherwise illegal, and to conduct an analysis of all decisions to ensure their consistency with international human rights standards and obligations, including all of the actions and threats listed in this statement.

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[1] Stephen Fowler “Why is in charge of DOGE? Legally not Elon Musk: A federal judge has denied states’ bid to halt DOGE and Musk’s work”, NPR, 18 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/18/g-s1-49450/elon-musk-doge-leader.

[2] Joe Hernandez, “DOGE is making major changes to the federal government. Is it legal?”, NPR, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/04/nx-s1-5286314/department-of-government-efficiency-doge-explainer-elon-musk; Matt Cohen, “The Legal Challenges to Elon Musk’s DOGE, Explained”, Democracy Docket, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.democracydocket.com/analysis/the-legal-challenges-to-elon-musks-doge-explained/; id.

[3] Lemonides, Hughes, Schwartz, Gamio, “Tracking the Lawsuits Against Trump’s Agenda”, NYTimes, Last Updated: 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/us/trump-administration-lawsuits.html.

[4] Matthathias Schwartz, “White House Failed to Comply With Court Order, Judge Rules”, NYTimes, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/10/us/trump-unfreezing-federal-grants-judge-ruling.html; AFSA v. Trump, U.S. Dist. Ct. D.C., 10 Feb. 2025, https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.277213/gov.uscourts.dcd.
277213.19.0.pdf; Jaclyn Diaz, “What happens if Trump starts ignoring court rulings? We break it down”, NPR, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/12/nx-s1-5293132/trump-vance-constitutional-crisis-court-rulings.

[5] “Trump’s Executive Orders Threaten Broad Range of Human Rights”, Human Rights Watch, 22 Jan. 2025, https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/01/22/trumps-executive-orders-threaten-broad-range-human-rights. For violations under Project 2025, the blueprint for many Trump policies, see, “Project 2025, Explained”, https://www.aclu.org/project-2025-explained; “Project 2025: What’s At Stake for Civil Rights”, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, https://civilrights.org/project2025/#. For violations in Trump’s previous administration see: “The Trump AdministrationHuman Rights Tracker”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, last updated: 4 Oct. 2019, https://trumphumanrightstracker.law.columbia.edu/; “Trump Administration Civil and Human Rights Rollbacks”, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, last updated 18 Jan. 2021, https://civilrights.org/trump-rollbacks/#.

[6] Adam Isacson, “Weekly U.S.-Mexico Border Update: a quiet border, mass deportation, military flights “, WOLA, 31 Jan. 2025, https://www.wola.org/2025/01/weekly-u-s-mexico-border-update-a-quiet-border-mass-deportation-military-flights/.

[7] Suzanne Gamboa, Julia Ainsley, Laura Strickler and Didi Martinez, “The latest on Trump’s immigration crackdown — and the reality of limited resources”, NBC, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/
trumps-immigration-crackdown-numbers-deportations-arrests-rcna191851; National Immigration Law Center, “Know Your Rights: Expedited Removal Expansion”, 24 Jan. 2025, https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-expedited-removal-expansion/; Ariana Figueroa, “Immigrants under temporary protections on fast track for deportation under Trump policy”, Idaho Capital Sun, 24 Jan. 2025, https://idahocapitalsun.com/2025/01/24/repub/
immigrants-under-temporary-protections-on-fast-track-for-deportation-under-trump-policy/.

[8] Ted Hesson, Jasper Ward, David Garcia, “Trump administration says it is reinstating ‘remain in Mexico’ program”, Reuters, 21 Jan. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trump-administration-reinstating-remain-mexico-program-2025-01-21/.

[9] Sergio Martinez-Beltran, “President Trump’s suspension of asylum marks a break from U.S. past”, NPR, 23 Jan. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/01/23/nx-s1-5272406/trump-suspends-asylum; WOLA, “Trump’s Executive Orders and Latin America: Key Things to Know”, 24 Jan. 2025, https://www.wola.org/analysis/trumps-executive-orders-and-latin-america-key-things-to-know/  https://immigrantjustice.org/timeline-trump-administrations-efforts-end-asylum.

[10] Sacha Pfeiffer, “Deported migrants are already landing at Guantanamo Bay as part of Trump’s plan”, NPR, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/06/nx-s1-5288792/deported-migrants-are-already-landing-at-guantanamo-bay-as-part-of-trumps-plan; camilo montoya galvez, “U.S. sending nonviolent, ‘low-risk’ migrants to Guantanamo, despite vow to detain ‘the worst’ there”, CBS, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/guantanamo-bay-migrants-trump/; Perla Trevizo and Mica Rosenberg, “U.S. Claims Immigrants Held at Guantanamo Are ‘Worst of the Worst.’ Their Families Say They’re Being Unfairly Targeted.”, ProPublica, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.
propublica.org/article/trump-administration-migrants-guantanamo-bay;  Tom Phillips, “‘A human rights disaster’: immigrants sent into Guantánamo black hole despite no proof of crime”, Guardian, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/14/trump-guantanamo-bay-migrants;  Carol RosenbergCharlie Savage, “Some Migrants Sent by Trump to Guantánamo Are Being Held by Military Guards”, NYTimes 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/12/us/gitmo-migrants-trump.html.

[11] Guardian, New York Times, id.

[12] Luis Martinez, “Guantanamo could be used to hold up to 30,000 migrants”, ABC, 29 Jan. 2025, https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/guantanamo-hold-30000-migrants/story?id=118243755.

[13] Julie TurkewitzFarnaz FassihiHamed Aleaziz and Annie Correal, “Migrants, Deported to Panama Under Trump Plan, Detained in Remote Jungle Camp”, NYTimes, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/19/
world/americas/us-migrants-panama-jungle-camp.html; Elida Moreno, “Migrants in Panama deported from US moved to Darien jungle region”, Reuters, 18 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/migrants-panama-deported-us-moved-darien-jungle-region-2025-02-19/.

[14] NYTimes, Id.

[15] Annie Correal and David Bolaños, “Costa Rica Receives First Flight of Trump Deportees From Faraway Countries”, NYTimes, 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/20/us/politics/deportation-flights-costa-rica-trump.html.

[16] US-ILC, “What Happens When You Have a Removal Order But Your Country of Birth Does Not Accept You?”, 2 Dec. 2024, https://us-ilc.com/what-happens-when-you-have-a-removal-order-but-your-country-of-birth-does-not-accept-you/.

[17] Yashraj Sharma, “‘Inhuman’: As Modi visits Trump, outrage over shackled Indian deportees”, Al Jazeera, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/2/7/inhuman-as-modi-visits-trump-outrage-over-shackled-indian-deportees.

[18] Amnesty, “Guantánamo Bay: over 20 years of injustice”, 9 Aug. 2023, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/
guantanamo-bay-human-rights.

[19] Suzanne Gamboa and Nicole Acevedo, “Trump immigration raids snag U.S. citizens, including Native Americans, raising racial profiling fears”, NBC, 28 Jan. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/trump-immigration-raids-citizens-profiling-accusations-native-american-rcna189203;  Straight Arrow News, “Hundreds of criminals arrested, reports of US citizens detained in ICE raids”, 24 Jan. 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVVsXs1dEkU.

[20] Tara Suter, “Raskin warns ICE raids could sweep up ‘innocent citizens,’ demands answers”, The Hill, 4 Feb. 2025, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5127297-raskin-ice-raids-ccitizens-demands-answers/.

[21] AP, “Rubio says El Salvador will house deportees from U.S., including Americans”, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/04/g-s1-46352/rubio-el-salvador-deportees-americans; Shannon Kingston and Jon Haworth, “Trump says he’d deport US citizens convicted of crimes ‘in a heartbeat’ if legal”, AB, 4 Feb. 2025, https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/marco-rubio-el-salvadors-president-agrees-house-us/story?id=118433524.

[22] See 8 CFR 1239.2  8, CFR 239.2, Matter of S-O-G- & F-D-B-, Respondents,  I&N Dec. 462 (A.G. 2018), https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1095371/dl.

[23] Joel Rose, “Justice Department sues Chicago and Illinois over ‘sanctuary’ laws”, NPR, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/06/nx-s1-5288871/justice-department-sues-chicago-and-illinois-over-sanctuary-laws; Jacob Rosen and Robert Legare, “Attorney General Pam Bondi announces lawsuit against New York over immigration enforcement”, CBS, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/attorney-general-pam-bondi-immigration-enforcement/; Renee Anderson and Alice Gainer, “New York’s Green Light Law hit with Department of Justice lawsuit. Here’s why.”, CBS, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/pam-bondi-sues-ny-green-light-law/.

[24] Palo Alto Daily Post, “FCC investigating KCBS for tipping off listeners about ICE raids”, 10 Feb. 2025, https://padailypost.com/2025/02/10/fcc-investigating-kcbs-for-tipping-off-listeners-about-ice-raids/.

[25] Melissa Quinn, “4th federal judge blocks Trump’s birthright citizenship executive order”, CBS, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-birthright-citizenship-order-judge-blocks/.

[26] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights, article 7 (right to freedom from inhuman treatment), article 9 (right to freedom from arbitrary detention).

[27] UNHCR, “The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol”, Sept. 2011, , https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/4ec262df9.pdf ; UNHCR, “The 1951 Refugee Convention”, visited 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.unhcr.org/us/about-unhcr/overview/1951-refugee-convention.

[28] UNHCR, “UNHCR Note on the Principle of Non-Refoulement”, Nov. 1997, https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/1997/en/36258;  OHCHR, “The principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law”, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/
Migration/GlobalCompactMigration/ThePrincipleNon-RefoulementUnderInternationalHumanRightsLaw.pdf.

[29] Will Peischel, “How Many Federal Workers Have Lost Their Jobs? All the firing, layoffs, and resignations so far.”, Intelligencer, 22 Feb. 2025, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/how-many-federal-employees-fired-jobs-cut-trump-doge.html; Craig Nigrelli, “200,000 federal workers at risk of getting fired as widespread cuts continue”, Straight Arrow News, 14 Feb. 2025, https://san.com/cc/200000-federal-workers-at-risk-of-getting-fired-as-widespread-cuts-continue/; Tim Reid, Nathan Layne and Karen Freifeld, “Thousands fired in US government as Trump, Musk purge federal workers”, Reuters, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/mass-firings-federal-workers-begin-trump-musk-purge-us-government-2025-02-13/; Karen Freifeld and Kanishka Singh, “About 75,000 US federal workers accept Trump administration buyout program”, Reuters, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/
about-75000-us-federal-workers-accept-trump-administration-buyout-program-2025-02-13/; Mike Snider Joey Garrison, “Which agencies have been hit by federal layoffs? What to know about NPS, NIH, IRS, more”, USA Today, 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/15/federal-layoffs-firings-2025/78761259007/.

[30] Erica Green, Zach Motague, “Trump Cracks Down on Diversity Initiatives Celebrated in His First Term”, NYTimes, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/14/us/politics/trump-diversity-education-department.html; Congressional Black Caucus, “Congressional Caucus Leaders: Trump is Undermining Civil Rights Enforcement for Workers”, 7 Feb. 2025, https://cbc.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2774; https://cbc.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2774; Kimmy Yam, “Trump’s anti-DEI executive orders target employee resource groups, federal workers say”, NBC, 27 Jan. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/
asian-america/trump-anti-dei-orders-target-federal-employee-groups-rcna189212

[31] Janilyn Brouwer Daub, “Executive Order Covers DEI, Affirmative Action Programs in Private, Government and Educational Sectors”, National Law Review, 30 Jan. 2025, https://natlawreview.com/article/executive-order-covers-dei-affirmative-action-programs-private-government-and.

[32] Fernanda Figueroa, Ayanna Alexander, Corey Williams, “Trump order ending federal DEI programs leaves agencies and stakeholders on uncertain ground”, AP, 23 Jan. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-dei-executive-order-diversity-inclusion-f67ea86032986084dd71c5aa0c6b8d1d.

[33] Susan SvrlugaandDanielle Douglas-Gabriel, “Trump threatened college research, culture and funding. Confusion reigns.”, Washington Post, 8 Feb. 2025, https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2025/02/08/trump-orders-impact-colleges-funding-research-culture/; Cheyanne Mumphrey, “Republicans propose new taxes on scholarships, ending student loan repayment plans”, AP, 10 Feb. 2025, https://www.kvue.com/article/news/nation-world/congress-eyes-new-taxes-restrictions-on-student-loans/507-f04a555f-04f7-46f3-b5c9-af26ffc20334; Mikhail Zinshteyn, “Judge blocks Trump administration’s cuts to key federal research funds”, CalMatters, 10 Feb. 2025, https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/02/research-funding/.

[34]  Berkeley Lovelace Jr. and Erika Edwards, “Federal health workers terrified after ‘DEI’ website publishes list of ‘targets’ “, NBC, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/federal-health-workers-terrified-dei-website-publishes-list-targets-rcna190711; Stacy M. Brown, “Black Federal Employees Targeted in Public Blacklist as Trump and Musk Continue Assault on Diversity” San Diego Voice & Viewpoint, 11 Feb. 2025, https://sdvoice.info/black-federal-employees-targeted-in-public-blacklist-as-trump-and-musk-continue-assault-on-diversity/.

[35] Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), 21 Dec. 1965, https://www.ohchr.org/
en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-elimination-all-forms-racial; US Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964; US Executive Order No. 11246, https://www.eeoc.gov/history/executive-order-no-11246.

[36] Elliot Davis Jr. “The End of USAID? What’s Next as Trump’s Team Takes Aim”, US News & World Report, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2025-02-07/the-end-of-usaid-whats-next-as-trump-team-takes-aim-at-beleaguered-agency.

[37]  Lindsay Whitehurst and Ellen Knickmeyer, “Judge orders Trump administration to temporarily allow funds for US foreign aid to flow again”, AP, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.wdsu.com/article/court-halts-trump-usaid-staff-reduction/63788579 ; Michael Crowley, “Judge Orders Trump Administration to Resume Foreign Aid Spending”, NYTimes, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/14/us/politics/court-trump-foreign-aid-freeze.html; Ellen Knickmeyer and Michael Kunzelman, “Judge blocks Trump from placing thousands of USAID workers on leave and giving them 30-day deadline”, AP, 7 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/usaid-foreign-aid-trump-rubio-48f8460804d33bdaa18d7765c4b24f9e.

[38] AFSA v. Trump, US Dist Ct. D.C., 10 Feb. 2025, https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.
277213/gov.uscourts.dcd.277213.19.0.pdf

[39] Sophie Hutchinson and Phillipa Roxby, “Fifty countries affected by USAID freeze, says WHO”, BBC, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czj3z290ngyo.

[40] Deepa Shivaram, “Trump withdraws the U.S. from the United Nations Human Rights Council”, NPR, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/03/nx-s1-5285696/trump-un-human-rights-council-withdrawal;  Young Gyo Kim, Joon Ho Ahn, “US withdrawal from UN human rights body draws mixed reactions”, VOA, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.voanews.com/a/us-withdrawal-from-un-human-rights-body-draws-mixed-reactions/7971418.html.

[41] Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Trump Withdraws U.S. From World Health Organization”, NYTimes, 22 Jan. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/20/us/politics/trump-world-health-organization.html;  Public Health on Call, “The U.S. and the WHO: An Imperfect but Essential Relationship”, Johns Hopkins, 30 Jan. 2025, https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2025/the-consequences-of-the-us-withdrawal-from-the-who;  Stefano Bertozzi, “U.S. withdrawal from WHO could bring tragedy at home and abroad”, Berkeley Public Health, 24 Jan. 2025, https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/opinion/withdrawal-from-who-could-bring-tragedy.

[42] Nate Perez, Rachel Waldholz, “Trump is withdrawing from the Paris Agreement (again), reversing U.S. climate policy”, NPR, 21 Jan. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5266207/trump-paris-agreement-biden-climate-change; Matti Goldberg, Dave McGlinchey, “Five things to know about the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement”, 30 Jan. 2025, Woodwell Climate Research Center,  https://www.woodwellclimate.org/us-withdrawal-paris-agreement/.

[43] Al Jazeera, “Trump to withdraw US from UN Rights Council, extend UNRWA funds ban: Report”, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/4/trump-to-withdraw-us-from-un-human-rights-council-extend-unrwa-funding-ban; Jacob Magid, “Trump withdraws US from UN Human Rights Council, permanently ends funding to UNRWA”, Times of Israel, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-withdraws-us-from-un-human-rights-council-permanently-ends-funding-to-unrwa/.

[44] Le Monde with AP and AFP, “Trump sanctions International Criminal Court over Israel, US investigations”, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/07/trump-signs-order-imposing-sanctions-on-international-criminal-court-over-investigations-of-israel_6737876_4.html; Jennifer Peltz and Fatima Hussein, “US hits international court’s top prosecutor with sanctions after Trump’s order”, AP, 13 Feb. 2025 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/13/trump-international-criminal-court-sanctions-un/2185c476-ea4c-11ef-969b-cfbefacb1eb3_story.html; OFAC, “Issuance of Executive Order Imposing Sanctions on the International Criminal Court; International Criminal Court-related Designation”, 13 Feb. 2025, https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20250213.

[45] Stephanie van den Berg, Anthony Deutsch, “War crimes prosecutor first target of Trump’s ICC sanctions, sources say”, Reuters, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/war-crimes-prosecutor-first-target-trumps-icc-sanctions-sources-say-2025-02-07/.

[46] Will Weissert, Zeke Miller, “Trump refuses to rule out use of military force to take control of Greenland and the Panama Canal”, AP, 7 Jan. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-biden-offshore-drilling-gulf-of-america-fa66f8d072eb39c00a8128a8941ede75.

[47] Julia Mueller, “What to know about Trump’s calls to make Canada the ‘51st state’ “, The Hill, 8 Jan. 2025, https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5072926-trump-annexation-canada-trade-threat/.

[48] Laura Mannweiler “What to Know About Trump’s Plan to Take Over Gaza”, US News and World Report, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2025-02-12/what-to-know-about-trumps-plan-to-take-over-the-gaza-strip.

[49] Charles Szumski, “Trump’s Gaza comments met with deep scepticism in Europe”, Euractiv, 5 Feb. 2025,  https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/trumps-gaza-comments-met-with-deep-scepticism-in-europe/;  Ottilie Mitchell, “Panama says US ‘spreading lies’ over free canal passage”, BBC, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyep7e070wo;  Otto Svendsen, “Seizing Greenland Is Worse Than a Bad Deal”, CSIS, 21 Jan. 2025, https://www.csis.org/analysis/seizing-greenland-worse-bad-deal;  Anne-Francoise Hivert, “Denmark outraged following Trump’s statements on Greenland”, Le Monde, 9 Jan. 2025, https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/01/08/denmark-outraged-following-trump-s-statements-on-greenland_6736844_4.html; Sam Thompson, “Read the transcript of Trudeau’s response to U.S. tariffs on Canada”, Global News, 1 Feb. 2025, https://globalnews.ca/news/10993376/trudeau-trump-tariffs-us-canada/;  Jim Morris, “Justin Trudeau reportedly says Trump’s talk of making Canada a US state is ‘a real thing’ “, AP, 7 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/canada-us-tariffs-trudeau-trump-5cfe160c66f90b973d90ea7810cddbe5.

[50] CBS, “Mexico’s president warns U.S. against invading to fight cartels after Washington designates them as terrorist groups”, 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mexico-president-warns-us-invasion-cartels-terrorist-group-designation/?ftag=CNM-00-10aac3a.

[51] CBS, “Trump freezes U.S. law banning bribery of foreign officials”, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-fcpa-anti-bribery-law-executive-order/.

[52] Tinshui Yeung, “Trump says Israel will hand over Gaza to US after fighting ends”, BBC, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9xgj2429o; Mia Venkat (producer), “Trump says the U.S. will ‘own’ Gaza — what that could mean for the Middle East”, NPR, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/12/1230862336/
trump-says-the-us-will-own-gaza-what-that-could-mean-for-the-middle-east; Aamer Madhani, Tia Goldenberg, Zeke Miller, “Trump won’t rule out deploying US troops to support rebuilding Gaza, sees ‘long-term’ US ownership”, AP, 5 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-netanyahu-washington-ceasefire-1c8deec4dd46177e08e07d669d595ed3; Paul Millar, “Could Trump force Jordan and Egypt to take Palestinians deported from Gaza?”, France24, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20250206-could-trump-force-jordan-and-egypt-to-take-palestinians-deported-from-gaza; ICC, “Elements of Crimes”, https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/Elements-of-Crimes.pdf (Article 7(1)(d), Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population, p. 4).

[53] Filip Timotija, “Trump lauds latest hostage release, says US will support Israel’s decision on ceasefire”, The Hill, 15 Feb. 2025, https://thehill.com/policy/international/5147352-donald-trump-israel-hamas-hostage-release/;  Alexander Smith, “Trump threatens ‘all hell is going to break out’ if Hamas delays hostage releases”, NBC, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/trump-hamas-israel-gaza-ceasefire-all-hell-break-out-un-gutteres-rcna191620; Steve Holland, Simon Lewis, Susan Heavey, “Trump says Hamas should free all hostages by midday Saturday or ‘let hell break out’ “, Reuters, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-says-palestinians-would-not-have-right-return-gaza-2025-02-10/; Tucker Reals, Sara Cook, “Trump issues ultimatum to Hamas on hostage release, threatening fragile ceasefire”, CBS, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/
trump-hamas-hostage-ultimatum/; David Makovsky, “Trump Gives a Green Light to Resume Fighting in Gaza—But Does Netanyahu Want to Do It Now? “, Washington Institute, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/
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[54] Stephen Collinson, “Trump’s rush for a deal with Putin leaves Ukraine and Europe scrambling”, CNN, 18 Feb. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/18/politics/trump-putin-deal-ukraine-analysis/index.html; Kristina Hook, “Can Russia be held accountable for the crime of aggression in Ukraine?”, Atlantic Council, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/can-russia-be-held-accountable-for-the-crime-of-aggression-in-ukraine/; OHCHR, “UN Commission concludes that war crimes have been committed in Ukraine, expresses concern about suffering of civilians”, 23 Sept. 2022, https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/10/un-commission-concludes-war-crimes-have-been-committed-ukraine-expresses.

[55] Daniel Hampton, ” ‘Game changer’: US reportedly threatens to revoke Ukraine’s Starlink access over minerals”, Raw Story, 21 Feb. 2025, https://www.rawstory.com/starlink/.

[56] AFP, “Europe warns Trump against Ukraine deal ‘behind our backs’ “, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.brecorder.com/news/40347933/europe-warns-trump-against-ukraine-deal-behind-our-backs; Larisa Brown, Bruno Waterfield, George Grylls, “How Trump’s Russia-Ukraine peace plan blindsided Europe”, The Times, 13 Feb. 2025,  https://www.thetimes.com/uk/defence/article/nato-trump-ukraine-russia-peace-plan-gscjfhpm5; Malcolm Furgeson, “Trump Drops Bombshell Statement Ahead of Vance-Zelenskiy Meeting”, The New Republic, 11 Feb. 2025, https://newrepublic.com/post/191381/trump-ukraine-russia-vance-zelenskiy-meeting; Alexandra Brzozowski, “Vance’s Munich tirade leaves Europe guessing on Ukraine “, Euractiv, 14 Feb. 2025,  https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/vances-munich-keynote-leaves-europe-guessing-on-ukraine/.

[57] Asami Terajima, “Making sense of Trump’s plan – if there is one – to end Russia’s war in Ukraine”, Kyiv Independent, 15 Feb. 2025, https://kyivindependent.com/making-sense-of-trumps-plan-if-there-is-one-to-end-russias-war-in-ukraine/; Andrew Roth, “The heartlessness of the deal: how Trump’s ‘America first’ stance sold out Ukraine”, Guardian, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/13/trump-europe-ukraine-russia; S.V. Date, “Trump Appears Set To Reward Russia For Its Brutal Invasion Of Ukraine”, HuffPost, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-ukraine-hegseth-putin_n_67ae6717e4b035ea23a4bd53?d_id=8727192.

[58] Zach Montague, “Education Dept. Tells Schools to Change Sexual Misconduct Rules”, NYTimes, 31 Jan. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/31/us/politics/education-dept-title-ix-sexual-misconduct.html.

[59] ACLU, “Federal Judge Blocks Trump Order Targeting Medical Care for Transgender Youth”, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-targeting-medical-care-for-transgender-youth.

[60] ACLU, “Families and Advocates Sue Trump Administration Over Executive Order Seeking to Restrict Access to Gender-Affirming Care”, 4 Feb. 2025, https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/families-and-advocates-sue-trump-administration-over-executive-order-seeking-to-restrict-access-to-gender-affirming-care.

[61] Abby Vesoulis, “Trump Administration Moves to Protect Businesses Accused of Anti-Trans Discrimination”, Mother Jones, Feb. 2025, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2025/02/trump-eeoc-transgender-worker-discrimination-dismissal/.

[62] Solcyre Burga, “Transgender Service Members Left in Uncertainty After Trump’s Military Ban”, Time, 3 Feb. 2025, https://time.com/7212570/transgender-service-members-sue-trump/.

[63] Alex Woodward, “Trump signs executive order banning trans women and girls from women’s sports”, Yahoo News, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-sign-executive-order-banning-183259157.html; White House, “Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports: Executive Order”, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/keeping-men-out-of-womens-sports/.

[64] Adi Robertson, “Mentions of trans kids scrubbed from national child safety clearinghouse website”, The Verge, 7 Feb. 2025 https://www.theverge.com/policy/608278/ncmec-removes-reports-lgbtq-transgender-children-government-funding-threats.

[65] Mike Scarcella, Nate Raymond, Luc Cohen, “US judge blocks Trump from sending transgender women to men’s prisons”, Reuters, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/legal/us-judge-blocks-trump-sending-transgender-women-mens-prisons-2025-02-05/.

[66] Tom Spiggle, “EEOC Rolls Back LGBTQ+ Protections, Raising Concerns Over Civil Rights Enforcement”, Forbes, 31 Jan. 2025, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomspiggle/2025/01/31/eeoc-halts-lgbtq-discrimination-claims-processing-what-it-means-for-workers/.

[67] Supreme Court, “Bostock v. Clayton County, GA”, 15 June 2020, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/
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[68] Yogyokarta Principles, 10 Nov. 2017, https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/.

[69] Center for Reproductive Rights, “Trump Administration’s Reinstatement of the Global Gag Rule Is a Setback for Health, Gender Equality and Human Rights”, 25 Jan. 2025, https://reproductiverights.org/trump-administration-reinstates-global-gag-rule/.

[70] Planned Parenthood, “IPM: “Defunding” Planned Parenthood Would Have Devastating Consequences for Communities Across the Country”, 3 Feb. 2025, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/ipm-defunding-planned-parenthood-would-have-devastating-consequences-for-communities-across-the-country; White House, “Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Enforces Overwhelmingly Popular Demand to Stop Taxpayer Funding of Abortion”, 25 Jan. 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/01/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-enforces-overwhelmingly-popular-demand-to-stop-taxpayer-funding-of-abortion/.

[71] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 16 Jan. 1966, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights; Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women, 18 Dec. 1979, https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm.

[72] General Comment No. 36 on Article 6 of the ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, 30 Oct. 2018, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/CCPR_C_GC_36_8785_E.pdf; Mellet v. Ireland, Human Rights Committee, Communication No. 2324/2013, CCPR/C/116/D/2324/2013 (2016); K.L. v. Peru, Communication No. 1153/2003, CCPR/C/85/D/1153/2003 (2005).

[73] Carrie Johnson, “Kash Patel is asked to explain incendiary statements in FBI head confirmation hearing”, NPR, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/01/30/nx-s1-5280177/kash-patel-is-asked-to-explain-incendiary-statements-in-fbi-head-confirmation-hearing; Annie Grayer, Marshall Cohen, “People on Kash Patel’s so-called ‘enemies list’ taking drastic steps for protection before his potential FBI takeover”, CNN, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/
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[74] CNN, Id.

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[76] Liam Reilly, “White House says it will cancel $8 million in Politico subscriptions after a false right-wing conspiracy theory spreads”, CNN, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/05/media/politico-usaid-subscription-government/index.html.

[77] David Bauder, “The Trump administration is throwing more Pentagon reporters out of their workspaces”, AP, 7 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/pentagon-reporters-ejected-press-room-trump-administration-359d22d77ee22cb0f256170f8f67178c.

[78] David Folkenflik, “ABC settles with Trump for $15 million. Now, he wants to sue other news outlets”, NPR, 16 Dec. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2024/12/16/nx-s1-5230274/abc-settles-with-trump-for-15-million-now-he-wants-to-sue-other-news-outlets.

[79] David Folkenflik, “White House defends blocking AP from event for using ‘Gulf of Mexico’ “, NPR, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/11/nx-s1-5293524/ap-gulf-of-mexico-white-house-oval-office Sara Fischer, “AP sues Trump officials over Oval Office ban, citing First Amendment”, 21 Feb. 2025, https://www.axios.com/2025/02/21/
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[80] Sean Burch, “Trump Calls for Washington Post Writer to Be Fired Immediately for ‘Pathetic Radical Left Spin’ “, The Wrap, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.thewrap.com/trump-calls-for-washington-post-writer-to-be-fired/.

[81] Jenna Greene, “FCC case against CBS for ‘news distortion’ may go far beyond precedent, scholars say”, Reuters, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/column-fcc-case-against-cbs-news-distortion-may-go-far-beyond-precedent-scholars-2025-02-12/.

[82] Katie Robertson, “Trump and Musk Attack Journalists by Name in Social Media Posts”, NYTimes, 7 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/07/business/media/trump-musk-attack-journalists.html.

[83] Naomi Nix, Will Oremus, Aaron Gregg, “Meta ends fact-checking, drawing praise from Trump”, Washington Post, 7 Jan. 2025, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2025/01/07/meta-factchecking-zuckerberg/

[84] Zeteo, “This Week in Democracy – Week 3: Shadow President Elon Musk in Full Control”, 8 Feb. 2025, https://zeteo.com/p/this-week-in-democracy-week-3-musk-trump-usaid-fbi-doe.

[85] CBS/AP, “Trump fires Gen. Charles Q. Brown as chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, other senior officers”, 22 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-fires-gen-charles-q-brown-as-chair-of-the-joint-chiefs-of-staff-nominates-lt-gen-dan-razin-caine/; Oren Liebermann, Haley Britzky, “Trump administration fires top US general and Navy chief in unprecedented purge of military leadership”, CNN, 21 Feb. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/
02/21/politics/trump-fires-top-us-general-cq-brown/index.html.

[86] Melissa Quinn, Jacob Rosen, Robert Legare, “Judge temporarily bars Justice Department from disclosing information about FBI agents tied to Jan. 6 probes”, CBS, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-temporary-bars-justice-department-from-disclosing-names-of-fbi-agents-tied-to-jan-6-probes/; Tom Dreisbach, “Criminal records of Jan. 6 rioters pardoned by Trump include rape, domestic violence”, NPR, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/01/30/nx-s1-5276336/donald-trump-jan-6-rape-assault-pardons-rioters.

[87] Andrew Solender, “Republicans move to impeach judges who blocked Trump”, Axios, 15 Feb. 2025, https://www.axios.com/2025/02/16/impeachment-judges-republicans-trump; Kyle Cheney, “As Trump steamrolls Washington, courts flex their power to slow him down”, Politico, 9 Feb. 2025, https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/09/trump-courts-block-early-agenda-00203230.

[88] Kirti Chauan, “Judge McConnell’s Daughter Works At Department Of Education? Elon Musk Sparks Row”, Times Now, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.timesnownews.com/world/us/us-news/judge-mcconnells-daughter-catherine-works-in-education-department-elon-musk-sparks-row-article-118156678.

[89] Ailia Zehra, “Justice Department fires 20 immigration judges: Report”, The Hill, 15 Feb. 2025, https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5147744-justice-department-fires-20-immigration-judges-report/.

[90] Sean Beeghly, “Trump signs order declaring only president and AG can interpret US law for executive branch”, Jurist News, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.jurist.org/news/2025/02/trump-signs-order-declaring-only-president-and-ag-can-interpret-us-law-for-executive-branch/; Brittanica, “judicial review”, https://www.britannica.com/topic/judicial-review.

[91] Zeke Miller, Eric Tucker, Will Weissert, “Trump uses mass firing to remove independent inspectors general at a series of agencies”, AP, 25 Jan. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-inspectors-general-fired-congress-unlawful-4e8bc57e132c3f9a7f1c2a3754359993; David Nakamura, Lisa Rein, John Hudson, “Trump fires USAID inspector general one day after blistering report”, Washington Post, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.washingtonpost.com/
politics/2025/02/11/trump-fires-usaid-inspector-general/.

[92] Mark Sherman, Lindsay Whitehurst, “Trump administration wants the Supreme Court to let the firing of whistleblower agency head proceed”, AP, 16 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-trump-administration-f2455731efaf92678940bf11c63f7fe8; Alanna Durkin RIcher, Eric Tucker, “Judge orders fired head of whistleblower agency reinstated while fight continues over Trump removal”, AP, 10 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-office-of-special-counsel-firing-lawsuit-a57d4261fb63ecfe8e62455a5c1b4e0a.

[93] White House, “Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies”, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/memorandum-for-the-heads-of-executive-departments-and-agencies/.

[94] White House, “Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias: Executive Order”, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.whitehouse.gov/
presidential-actions/2025/02/eradicating-anti-christian-bias/.

[95] Nick Schwellenbach, “Elon Musk’s DOGE Teams Raise Vetting, Ethics Concerns”, POGO, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.pogo.org/investigations/elon-musks-doge-teams-raise-vetting-ethics-concerns.

[96] In alphabetical order: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB),  Department of Defense, Department of Education,  Department of Energy,  Department of Health and Human Services (HHS),  Department of the Treasury,  Department of Veterans Affairs, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),  Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),  Federal Communications Commission (FCC),  Federal Election Commission,  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Foreign Service (diplomats and embassy staff),  Forest Service,  Institute of Education Sciences, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Centers of Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS),  NASA,  National Endowment for Democracy, National Institutes of Health (NIH),  National Intelligence Agency,  National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),  National Nuclear Safety Administration,  National Parks Service, Nuclear Safety Commission,  Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),  Office of Management and Budget (OMB),  Office of Personnel Management (OPM), Small Business Administration, Social Security Administration, US Agency for International Development (USAID), and US Postal Service. A partial list with more details is available at Ivan Pereira, Emily Chang, “Here are all the agencies that Elon Musk and DOGE have been trying to dismantle so far”, ABC, 14 Feb. 2025, https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/elon-musks-government-dismantling-fight-stop/story?id=118576033.

[97] Katherine Doyle, “Trump orders end to federal funding for schools that require Covid vaccines”, NBC, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-orders-end-funding-schools-require-covid-vaccines-rcna192274; Collin Binkley, “Trump calls for withholding federal money from schools and colleges that require COVID vaccines”, AP, 14 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/covid-vaccine-mandate-ee3bcd198dec8e6cf61546f2bbe688bf.

[98]Sam Levin, “Judge pauses Trump’s order restricting healthcare for transgender youth”, Guardian, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/13/trump-trans-youth-healthcare-order; Democrats, “Trump’s Plans to Screw Over America: Ripping Away Access to Lifesaving Health Care, Skyrocketing Costs”, 21 Jan. 2025, https://democrats.org/news/trumps-plans-to-screw-over-america-ripping-away-access-to-lifesaving-health-care-skyrocketing-costs/.

[99] Emily Badger, Aatish Bhatia, Irineo Cabreros, Eli Murray, Francesca Paris, Margot Sanger-Katz and Ethan Singer, “How Trump’s Medical Research Cuts Would Hit Colleges and Hospitals in Every State”, NYTimes, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/02/13/upshot/nih-trump-funding-cuts.html; Joseph Choi, “Trump’s move to slash research funding shakes medical community”, The Hill, 13 Feb. 2025, https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/
5141905-trump-medical-research-cuts-threat/;  Evan Watson, “OHSU faces research uncertainty as Trump administration eyes major NIH funding cuts”, KGW, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.kgw.com/article/news/health/ohsu-leaders-trump-administration-funding-medical-research-nih-cuts/283-493e2efa-b60e-4e82-9f95-ce01d3011349; Amna Nawaz, Azhar Merchant, Jackson Hudgins, “The possible long-term impact of Trump’s cuts to medical research funding”, PBS, 11 Feb. 2025, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/the-possible-long-term-impact-of-trumps-cuts-to-medical-research-funding.

[100] Helen Branswell, “CDC cuts expected to devastate Epidemic Intelligence Service, a ‘crown jewel’ of public health”, STAT, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.statnews.com/2025/02/14/trump-cdc-cuts-include-epidemic-intelligence-service-outbreak-investigators/.

[101] Jo Yurcaba, “Trump’s executive orders cause ‘chaos’ at the VA, some staffers say”, NBC, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/trumps-executive-orders-cause-chaos-va-staffers-say-rcna192045; Veterans Affairs (VA), “VA dismisses more than 1,000 employees”, 13 Feb. 2025, https://news.va.gov/press-room/va-dismisses-more-than-1000-employees/; Aliss Higham, “Are Veterans’ Benefits Being Cut? Trump’s VA Cuts Explained”, Newsweek, 15 Feb. 2025, https://www.newsweek.com/are-veterans-benefits-being-cut-trump-va-cuts-explained-2031047.

[102] Tik Root, Katie Myers, Matt Simon, “Trump’s budget cuts could kill your local weather forecast — and put you in danger”, Grist, 12 Feb. 2025, https://grist.org/extreme-weather/trumps-budget-cuts-could-kill-your-local-weather-forecast-and-put-you-in-danger/; Camille Baker, “How Could the Weather Service Change Under Trump?”, NYTimes, 10 Feb. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/08/weather/national-weather-service-cuts-trump.html; Scott Waldman, “Trump Team Looks to Drastically Cut Weather and Climate Agency”, Scientific American, 10 Feb. 2025, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-team-looks-to-drastically-cut-noaa-staff-and-budget/; Ella Nilsen, “Life-saving weather warnings are on the line as Trump and DOGE target America’s forecasting agency”, CNN, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/05/weather/national-weather-service-job-cuts-hurricane-season/index.html.

[103] Tara Copp, “Trump begins firings of FAA staff just weeks after fatal DC plane crash”, AP, 17 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/doge-faa-air-traffic-firings-safety-67981aec33b6ee72cbad8dcee31f3437;  Secretary Sean Duffy & Elon Musk, Bluesky posts, Feb 2025, https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_fullsize/plain/
did:plc:sgti3jsgu3luif24tokvth3a/bafkreifa5i6ocheqwoxrjxkubqahjvpuwbyyx36qyvrdr4renj3wib3u6e@jpeg;  Grace Abels, “Did Trump’s hiring freeze include air traffic controllers, as Rep. Jasmine Crockett said?”, Austin-American Statesman, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.statesman.com/story/news/politics/politifact/2025/02/12/did-president-trumps-hiring-freeze-include-air-traffic-controllers/78412544007/; Nik Popli, “D.C. Plane Crash Raises Questions About Trump Aviation Personnel Changes”, Time, 30 Jan. 2025, https://time.com/7211690/washington-dc-plane-crash-trump-aviation/; Hafiz Rashid, “Trump Gutted Key Aviation Safety Committee Before D.C. Plane Crash”, Yahoo News, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-gutted-key-aviation-safety-142302712.html;  Stephen Collinson, “Trump steamrolls every principle of aviation safety in wild news conference”, CNN, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/30/politics/analysis-trump-news-conference-dc-plane-crash/index.html; also see Louis Jacobson, Loreben Tuquero, “Did Trump’s firing of aviation officials contribute to the D.C. crash? Experts say it’s unlikely”, PolitiFact (via PBS), 1 Feb 2025, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/did-trumps-firing-of-aviation-officials-contribute-to-the-d-c-crash-experts-say-its-unlikely.

[104] Matthew Perrone, “Trump administration cuts reach FDA employees in food safety, medical devices and tobacco products”, AP, 16 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/fda-job-cuts-trump-hhs-kennedy-cdc-nih-76dee97eee8209b2605fadac34427aab.

[105] Tim McLaughlin, Laila Kearney, “Trump’s high-wire act to transform US power grid won’t be easy”, Reuters, 24 Jan. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/trumps-high-wire-act-transform-us-power-grid-wont-be-easy-2025-01-24/; Kathryn Krawczyk, “Trump’s clean energy attacks put manufacturing projects at risk”, Canary Media, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy-manufacturing/trumps-clean-energy-attacks-put-manufacturing-projects-at-risk.

[106] Timothy Garner, Leah Douglas, Tim Reid, Valerie Volcovici, “Fired and rehired: the dizzying confusion of Trump’s government overhaul”, Reuters, 21 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fired-rehired-dizzying-confusion-trumps-government-overhaul-2025-02-21/; Gabe Whisnant, Peter Aitken, “Trump Moves to Fire Staff Overseeing Nuclear Weapons Then Backtracks—Report”, Newsweek, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.newsweek.com/trump-fires-hundreds-staff-overseeing-nuclear-weapons-report-2031419; Timothy Gardner, Valerie Volcovici, “Sweeping US energy department layoffs hit offices of loans, nuclear security, sources say”, Reuters, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/sweeping-us-energy-department-layoffs-hit-nuclear-security-loans-office-sources-2025-02-14/;  Rene Marsh, Ella Nilsen, “Trump officials fired nuclear staff not realizing they oversee the country’s weapons stockpile, sources say”, CNN, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/14/climate/nuclear-nnsa-firings-trump/index.html; Geoff Brumfiel, “Trump firings cause chaos at agency responsible for America’s nuclear weapons “, WESA, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.wesa.fm/2025-02-14/trump-firings-cause-chaos-at-agency-responsible-for-americas-nuclear-weapons.

[107] Lisa Song, “How Trump’s EPA Threatens Efforts to Clean Up Areas Affected Most by Dangerous Air Pollution”, ProPublica, 5 Feb. 2025, https://www.propublica.org/article/donald-trump-epa-toxic-air-pollution  https://impactalpha.com/trumps-epa-takes-aim-at-climate-united-and-greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund/.

[108] Christopher Rugaber, “Trump administration orders consumer protection agency to stop work, closes building”, AP, 9 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/trump-consumer-protection-cease-1b93c60a773b6b5ee629e769ae6850e9;  Chris Megerian, “How the Trump administration moved to shut down the consumer protection agency’s headquarters”, AP, 10 Feb. 2025, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/how-the-trump-administration-moved-to-shut-down-the-consumer-protection-agencys-headquarters.

[109] Dana Hull, Josh Eidelson, and Sophie Alexander, “Trump Vows to End Education Department. DOGE Has Already Started”, Bloomberg, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-13/trump-vows-to-end-education-department-doge-has-already-started; AP, “Trump’s Education Secretary May Be Asked to Dismantle the Education Department. Here’s What It Does”, 13 Feb. 2025, https://news.wttw.com/2025/02/13/trump-s-education-secretary-may-be-asked-dismantle-education-department-here-s-what-it.

[110] FXBG Advance, “THE EXECUTIVE ORDER PROJECT: EDUCATION – Funding for Charting My Path for Future Success Program in Spotsylvania Schools Stopped”, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/the-executive-order-project-education-960; Spotsylvania County Public Schools, Message to Parents, 14 Feb. 2025,  https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_fullsize/plain/did:plc:7qqkq2zdwq4j5jingukgtuky/bafkreickrwpsuhxkzinapvolahhkfhjcarznvyktyhotxvkoobt6qjvvsq@jpeg.

[111] Claire Rush, Matthew Brown, Chris Megerian, “Trump wants states to clean up forests to stop wildfires. But his administration cut off funds”, AP, 13 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/wildfire-firefighters-trump-federal-hiring-freeze-b9e12f2a439d9e40da099b3e6075f832; Andrew Hay, “US Forest Service fires 3,400 workers, Park Service cuts 1,000”, Reuters, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-forest-service-fires-3400-workers-park-service-cuts-1000-2025-02-14/; Nichola Groom, “Trump funding freeze halts wildfire prevention work”, Reuters, 14 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-funding-freeze-halts-wildfire-prevention-work-2025-02-14/.

[112] Jonathan Crotty, “Executive Order Halts OSHA Rulemaking”, Parker Poe, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.parkerpoe.com/news/2025/02/executive-order-halts-osha-rulemaking; John Surma, “Trump Administration’s ‘Regulatory Freeze Pending Review’ Pauses OSHA’s Rulemaking on Heat Illness and Emergency Response”, Ogletre Deakins, 4 Feb. 2025, https://ogletree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/trump-administrations-regulatory-freeze-pending-review-pauses-oshas-rulemaking-on-heat-illness-and-emergency-response/; Berg Compliance, “Will The Trump Administration Abolish OSHA?”, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZZgSoxfygs.

[113] Margaret Poydock, “Here are the Ways the Trump Admin Is Already Trampling on Workers’ Rights”, In these Times, 14 Feb. 2025, https://inthesetimes.com/article/trump-labor-unions-nlrb-elon-musk-doge;  Parker Purifoy, Courtney Rozen, “Trump to Lay Off Federal Workers After Paralyzing Labor Panels”, Bloomberg, 14 Feb. 2025, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/trump-to-lay-off-federal-workers-after-paralyzing-labor-panels;  Jack Queen, Daniel Wiessner, “Explainer: Are Trump’s mass firings of federal workers legal?”, Reuters, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/are-trumps-mass-firings-federal-workers-legal-2025-02-13/;  Celine McNicholas, “Trump-Vance administration paralyzes worker protection agencies and leaves workers without ability to enforce the right to a union”, Economic Policy Institute, 31 Jan. 2025, https://www.epi.org/blog/this-week-in-federal-policy-watch-trump-vance-administration-paralyzes-worker-protection-agencies-and-leaves-workers-without-ability-to-enforce-the-right-to-a-union/; Judy Conti, “Trump Abandons Six Decades of Progress on Workplace Discrimination Protections for Federal Contractors”, National Employment Law Project, 22 Jan. 2025, https://www.nelp.org/trump-abandons-workplace-discrimination-protections-federal-contractors/; Communications Workers of America, “Trump’s Anti-Worker Record”, visited 21 Feb. 2025, https://cwa-union.org/trumps-anti-worker-record; Casey Quinlan, “As Trump Attacks Federal Labor Protections, How Can States Protect Workers?”, Truthout, 9 Feb. 2025, https://truthout.org/articles/as-trump-attacks-federal-labor-protections-how-can-states-protect-workers/.

[114] Michael Collins, “Elon Musk, DOGE could access your personal info. Will this impact tax refunds and Social Security?”, USA Today, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/02/13/elon-musk-doge-confidential-data-access-conflicts/78394553007/; Alex Perry, “Elon Musk’s DOGE faces multiple lawsuits over privacy concerns. How to protect your data”, Cinncinati Enquirer, 12 Feb. 2025, https://www.cincinnati.com/story/
news/2025/02/12/elon-musk-doge-sued-privacy-concerns-secure-your-info-data/78418411007/;  Linn Freedman, “Privacy Tip #431 – DOGE Has Access to Our Personal Information: What You Need to Know”, National Law Review, 13 Feb. 2025,  https://natlawreview.com/article/privacy-tip-431-doge-has-access-our-personal-information-what-you-need-know; David Collins, “13 states to sue over DOGE access to government payment systems containing personal data”, AP, 6 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-trump-doge-states-47912249bf4b79477cbe211565c9743c; AP, “Federal judge blocks DOGE from accessing sensitive U.S. Treasury Department material”, 8 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/08/g-s1-47350/states-sue-to-stop-doge-accessing-personal-data.

[115] Jacob Bogage, “Trump expected to take control of USPS, fire postal board, officials say”, Washington Post, 21 Feb. 2025, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/02/20/trump-usps-takeover-dejoy/.

[116] Jamie Raskin, “Fact Sheet: Trump Administration, DOGE Punish Agencies Investigating Elon Musk’s Companies”, House Committee of Justice, 13 Feb. 2025, https://democratsjudiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/
2025.02.13_fact_sheet_re_musk_investigations.pdf (at least 19 examples listed); Ian Duncan, “DOGE employee cuts fall heavily on agency that regulates Musk’s Tesla”, Washington Post, 20 Feb. 2025, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/02/21/musk-doge-tesla-autonomous-vehicles-nhtsa/; Miranda Nazzaro, “DOJ dropping immigration case against Musk’s SpaceX”, The Hill, 21 Feb. 2025, https://thehill.com/policy/technology/5157088-doj-drops-space-x-lawsuit/; Christiaan Hetzner, “Fate of Rivian’s $6.6 billion federal loan—secured in the dying hours of the Biden administration—now hangs in the balance”, 19 Feb. 2025, Fortune, https://fortune.com/2025/02/19/rivian-federal-loan-biden-trump-administration-georgia-factory-brian-kemp/; Patrick Wingrove, Rachael Levy, Michael Erman, “US FDA asks fired scientists to return, including some reviewing Musk’s Neuralink”, Reuters, 22 Feb. 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-fda-asks-fired-scientists-return-including-some-reviewing-musks-neuralink-2025-02-22/; Jessica Hagen, “FDA Neuralink reviewers fired as Musk’s DOGE cuts jobs”, Mobile Health News, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/fda-neuralink-reviewers-fired-musk-s-doge-cuts-jobs; Chandelis Duster, Joe Hernandez, “Trump’s labor pick Lori Chavez-DeRemer faces questions on unions, Musk and immigration”, NPR, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.kunr.org/u-s-headlines/2025-02-19/trumps-labor-pick-lori-chavez-deremer-faces-questions-on-unions-musk-and-immigration; Suzanne Vranica, “X Hinted at Possible Deal Trouble in Talks With Ad Giant to Increase Spending”, Wall Street Journal, 19 Feb. 2025, https://www.wsj.com/business/media/x-hinted-at-possible-deal-trouble-in-talks-with-ad-giant-to-increase-spending-feb122a6; Theo Burman, “Alleged USAID Probe Into Starlink Raises Elon Musk Conflict Concerns”, Newsweek, 6 Feb. 2025, https://www.newsweek.com/usaid-elon-musk-starlink-probe-ukraine-2027054; Heather Vogell, “Elon Musk expected to turn budget-slashing sights on the FAA’s little-known commercial spaceflight office”, Boston Globe, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/02/13/nation/elon-musk-spacex-doge-faa-ast-regulation-spaceflight-trump/; Ryan Grenoble, “Last FAA Chief Quit Following Pressure From Elon Musk”, HuffPost, 30 Jan. 2025, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elon-musk-faa-administrator-quit-spacex_n_679bb63de4b07c3c821966b2; Leslie Josephs, “Dozens of flights diverted, delayed after FAA warned of SpaceX rocket debris”, CNBC, 16 Jan. 2025, https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/16/dozens-of-flights-diverted-delayed-after-faa-warned-of-spacex-rocket-debris-.html; FAA, “FAA Proposes $633,009 in Civil Penalties Against SpaceX”, 17 Sept. 2024, https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-proposes-633009-civil-penalties-against-spacex;  https://www.cbsnews.
com/news/spacex-starship-explosion-faa-investigation/, AP, “State Department halts plan to buy USD 400M worth of armoured vehicles from Musk’s Tesla”, 13 Feb. 2025, https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-tesla-biden-federal-contract-electric-vehicles-donald-trump-f8f5b07d03f6e0c9d072abd69feedec4; Bobby Allyn, “Trump administration says it has no plans to fulfill $400 million ‘armored Tesla’ contract”, NPR, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.npr.org/2025/02/13/g-s1-48571/trump-administration-order-400-million-worth-of-armored-teslas; Jack Fitzgerald, “U.S. State Department Pauses Plan to Spend $400M on Armored Teslas”, Car and Driver, 13 Feb. 2025, https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63785649/tesla-state-department-armored-vehicle-contract/; Chad de Guzman, “State Department Removes Tesla’s Name From Planned $400M Contract Amid Musk Scrutiny”, Time, 13 Feb. 2025, https://time.com/7221880/state-department-2025-procurement-forecast-tesla-armored-electric-vehicles-musk; Emma Roth, “The NTSB chooses Elon Musk’s X to update the press on plane crashes”, The Verge, 1 Feb. 2025, https://www.theverge.com/news/604740/ntsb-x-elon-musk-media-communication.

[117] ICESCR, supra, note 71.