Human Rights Now has submitted a written statement “The Japanese Governments, Corporations, and the Organizing Committee for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics Must Take Effective Measures Against Illegal Logging\u201d to the 32nd session of Human Rights Council, which is going to be held in Geneva from June 13 to July 1, 2016.<\/p>\n
1899_A_HRC_32_NGO_Sub_En<\/a>[PDF]<\/p>\n We\u2019ll deliver an oral statement in the HRC session in Geneva as well.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Japanese Governments, Corporations, and the Organizing Committee for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics Must Take Effective Measures Against Illegal Logging<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Illegal logging\u2014which accounts for over 20% of the global timber trade and between 50 to 90% of logging in tropical countries and powers international crime over $30 billion USD a year\u2014devastates forests and the people who depend on them in developing countries, leading to poverty, displacement, biodiversity loss, and deforestation, undermining sustainable development.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n In January 2016, Human Rights Now published a report on illegal logging in Sarawak, Malaysia, explaining how illegal logging occurs and is exploited by Japanese companies to negatively impact developing countries and indigenous peoples who depend on the forests for their livelihoods.[2]<\/a> It discussed how the previous local Sarawak government, in collusion with major Malaysian logging companies, ignored the land rights of indigenous and other groups to issue illegal logging licenses and certificates improperly verifying the legality of the logging for foreign importers, including Japan.[3]<\/a> Japanese corporations purchasing the illegally-logged timber played a critical role in supporting and financing the apparatus allowing such illegal logging by serving as a lucrative export market, as Japanese business sectors, from trading to construction, exploited the illegally logged timber from their supply chains to their own benefit. They could do this because there is no requirement in Japanese law for companies to conduct due diligence ensuring the absence of abuses and the legality of logging practices by timber suppliers in their supply chains independently of source-country certifications, which are vulnerable to corruption.<\/p>\n In 2012, private companies in Japan imported 38% of Sarawak exported timber by value, around US $900 million, led by ten Japanese companies (seven trading and three construction).[4]<\/a> A Global Witness report documented two Japanese companies, Sojitz and Itochu, purchasing timber from the concessions of two Malaysian companies, Samling Group and Shin Yang Group, where illegal logging occurs.[5]<\/a> Illegally logged timber was also traced to use in major Tokyo construction sites by Shimizu, Taisei, Kajima, and other Japanese corporations.[6]<\/a> The corporations responded with intentions to prevent future procurements of timber from supply chain sources illegally logging.[7]<\/a> However, such responses at best can prevent individual cases, not the practice. The data point to purchases of illegally logged timber being prevalent in Japan and not limited to a few cases.<\/p>\n Japan is the fourth largest timber consumer state following the US, EU, and China, and a major market for illegal timber. Recent estimates indicate 12% of Japan\u2019s timber imports are at high risk of being illegal.[8]<\/a> Japan\u2019s lenient laws on the import, distribution, and procurement of timber contribute to the widespread use in Japan of illegally procured wood. Japan\u2019s \u201cGreen Purchasing Law\u201d prohibits procurement of illegally logged timber, but it only applies to government procurement, accounting for only 5% of Japan\u2019s timber consumption.<\/p>\n No law prohibits the import of illegally logged timber by the private sector.<\/p>\n Instead, there is the so called \u201cGoho-wood system\u201d, a voluntary system to certify the timber imports are not\u00a0 related to illegal logging based on the guideline established by the government. \u00a0Two critical breakdowns with this system are (1) a company which chooses not to participate in the system is not sanctioned and may continue to deal in illegal timber with impunity and (2) the system relies on certification originating from the sourcing country, which as the Sarawak example demonstrates, allows for fraudulent certification by collusive governments, effectively sanctioning illegally logged timber. Furthermore, the Goho-wood system does not require further review of other important potential violations, such as the rights of local indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n To address such problems, G7 Agriculture Ministers made a commitment last month in Niigata to eliminate illegal logging and its trade. However, Japan\u2019s response has lagged behind its G7 partners.<\/p>\n On May 20, the Japanese government passed the \u201cLaw to Promote the Distribution and Use of Legally Logged Wood.\u201d However, the new law still falls well short of the standards of other developed timber importing countries such as the US, EU, and Australia. The law only requires companies which have voluntarily registered with the Japanese government to check the legality of their timber supply, and it does not provide sufficient standards for the check. The law will not be effective unless it requires the participation of all companies buying timber from countries with a risk of illegal logging, sets up robust due diligence standards for verifying legality, monitors the situation, and issues effective sanctions for violations.<\/p>\n As the Tokyo Olympics 2020 is approaching, the demand for timber products is likely to increase significantly in Japan, which would exacerbate the illegal timber trade.<\/p>\n On May 17, 2016, the Organizing Committee for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics (\u201cTOCOG\u201d) published for public comment a draft sourcing code for sustainable wood procurement.[9]<\/a> The discussion among members of the working group for sustainable sourcing codes was not open to the public, and the minutes of the discussion were concise and only available in Japanese.<\/p>\n The public was only given one week to submit comments, and the draft sourcing code was available only in Japanese. Although the draft sourcing code requires that woods procured by the TOCOG should be harvested in compliance with the laws of the country\/area of harvest origin, it allows purchasers of the woods to rely on the Goho-wood system for legality verification. Given the flaws of Goho-wood system described above, the draft sourcing code cannot be called a \u201csustainable\u201d sourcing code.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Recommendations<\/b><\/p>\n HRN submits the following recommendations to facilitate the elimination of\u00a0 illegal logging and to ensure the legality of procured timber in Japan.<\/p>\n To the Japanese government:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0 Revise laws and regulations to ban all imports and procurements of illegally logged timber and sanction offenders;<\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0 Revise laws and regulations to ensure that the logging of purchased timber is compatible with a wide range of international obligations and standards, including environmental and human rights, such as the land rights of indigenous and other affected peoples;<\/p>\n (3)\u00a0\u00a0 Obligate private and public timber importers to conduct effective due diligence on the legality of procured timber;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To governments of timber source states vulnerable to illegal logging:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pass and reinforce laws and regulations prohibiting illegal logging; ensure effective enforcement; and prevent corruption in relation to illegal logging.<\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ensure the recognition and protection of land rights of indigenous and other affected peoples, and ensure their free, prior, and informed consent at the occasion of the issuance of a timber license;<\/p>\n (3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ensure effective oversight over logging companies activities in traditional indigenous lands and other areas vulnerable to illegal logging;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To logging companies in states vulnerable to illegal logging:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0 Refrain from or immediately stop illegal logging;<\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0 Regardless of the issuance of a timber license, conduct due diligence confirming the absence of inconsistent land rights and ensure the free, prior, and informed consent of affected local communities;<\/p>\n (3)\u00a0\u00a0 Establish compliance mechanisms to prevent illegal logging;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To Japanese corporations procuring timber:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0 Immediately stop trading with logging companies reportedly engaging in illegal logging, unless obtaining an internationally recognized forest certification such as Forest Stewardship Council certification;[10]<\/a><\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0 Conduct thorough due diligence on the supply chain of imported timber and products, and establish a self-inspection system on illegal logging, aside from current laws and regulations;<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To all relevant companies:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0 Amend or implement a company CSR policy to incorporate environment and human rights concerns, as well as inform suppliers, management, and employees of the policy;<\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0 Have continual dialogues with NGOs and indigenous communities to obtain accurate information regarding illegal logging.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To the Organizing Committee for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics:<\/p>\n (1)\u00a0\u00a0 Make the drafting process of the sourcing code more transparent and engaged with civil society groups;<\/p>\n (2)\u00a0\u00a0 Open public comment to the sourcing code for at least a month for civil society groups to carefully review the draft and meaningfully contribute; and release an English translation;<\/p>\n (3)\u00a0\u00a0 Establish a sourcing code for wood products which require purchasers of timber or wood products to conduct thorough due diligence on the supply chain of imported timber and products, and establish a self-inspection system on illegal logging, aside from current laws and regulations;<\/p>\n (4)\u00a0\u00a0 Ensure that purchasers of timber or wood products have continual dialogues with NGOs and indigenous communities to obtain accurate information regarding illegal logging.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/a> INTERPOL\/UNEP, Green Carbon, Black Trade: Illegal Logging, Tax Fraud and Laundering in the Worlds\u2019 Tropical Forests. A Rapid Response Assessment, 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a>\u00a0 Infringement of the Rights of Indigenous People by Continuous Illegal Logging Practices, http:\/\/hrn.or.jp\/wpHN\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/MalaysiaSarawakReport_20160114.pdf<\/a> (Japanese).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Development of Global Timber Tycoons in Sarawak, East Malaysia,\u2019 Bruno Manser Fonds, February 2011, http:\/\/stop-timber-corruption.org\/resources\/bmf_report_sarawak_timber_tycoons.pdf, 16. Cf. Functions of Forest Department,\u2019 Forest Department Sarawak, http:\/\/www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my\/<\/a>; \u2018How Forestry Staff Write Their ‘Ground Reports’ From Seaside Hotels in KK,\u2019 Sarawak Report, FEB 18, 2014, http:\/\/www.sarawakreport.org\/2014\/02\/forestry-department-write-ground-reports-from-seaside-hotels-in-kk-exclusive-expose\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> STIDC, \u2018Export Statistics of Timber and Timber Products Sarawak 2012,\u2019 http:\/\/www.sarawaktimber.org.my\/timber_statistic\/Export_Statistics_Timber_Products_Sarawak_2012.pdf<\/a>, 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> \u2018Global Witness: Nobanashi-Sangyo<\/i>\u2019, supra<\/i>, n. 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> \u2018Global Witness, Shototsu-suru-futatsuno-sekai\u2019 (Dec. 2014), https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/olympicsjp\/<\/a>, 138.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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